Progression and the Structure of The Blue Hotel :: Blue Hotel Essays

Progression and the Structure of The Blue Hotel In his essay, Robert F. Gleckner discusses progression, as it is related to the structure of "The Blue Hotel." He follows the progression of power and control in the story, as it shifts to different characters. Gleckner also follows the progression of the storm outside and how it symbolizes a natural force that will always be more powerful than human control. In the beginning of "The Blue Hotel," Scully has the power, as he "practically makes [his three guests] prisoners. They are "conducted" into the Blue Hotel. At this time the Swede feels weak and nervous in the unfamiliar territory and scared of "The West." Scully shows his power over the paranoid Swede by saying, "If anybody has troubled you I will take care of him. This is my house. You are under my roof, and I will not allow any peaceable man to be troubled here." As the story progresses, Scully loses control, and the power shifts to the Swede. Gleckner states, "With his final gesture of warm comradeship, the offer of his private whiskey, Scully loses control completely. . .the Swede regains control of himself and will now try to extend it, like Scully, to all men." When they return to the card game the Swede shows his control subtly by sitting where he wants and getting his own drink. Scully tries to regain his control by talking about the guests "under his roof," but the Swede continues to exert his power by insisting on another game High-Five. During this next game, control shifts between characters. Gleckner writes, "the cowboy and the Swede whack the board in violent control; Johnnie cheats to control; the Easterner allows the others to control by remaining silent." During the fight as well, each character tries to gain control, "Scully by refereeing, the cowboy by restraining the Swede, the Easterner by pleading to end the fight, all thr ee of them by cheering." As these shifts of control occur, Gleckner analyzes the storm. He writes about how "Crane suggests a greater force imminent, ready to take over at any moment. . .The storm takes over, dashing the cards 'helplessly' against the wall, ripping words away from the lips of Scully and the Swede, overshadowing and surrounding the entire fight." Gleckner believes Crane is showing that even as the human characters fight for control, there will always be a more powerful natural force.

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 38. Power

â€Å"Chelsea is trying to break our bindings,† Edward whispered. â€Å"But she can't find them. She can't feel us here. . . .† His eyes cut to me. â€Å"Are you doing that?† I smiled grimly at him. â€Å"I am all over this.† Edward lurched away from me suddenly, his hand reaching out toward Carlisle. At the same time, I felt a much sharper jab against the shield where it wrapped protectively around Carlisle's light. It wasn't painful, but it wasn't pleasant, either. â€Å"Carlisle? Are you all right?† Edward gasped frantically. â€Å"Yes. Why?† â€Å"Jane,† Edward answered. The moment that he said her name, a dozen pointed attacks hit in a second, stabbing all over the elastic shield, aimed at twelve different bright spots. I flexed, making sure the shield was undamaged. It didn't seem like Jane had been able to pierce it. I glanced around quickly; everyone was fine. â€Å"Incredible,† Edward said. â€Å"Why aren't they waiting for the decision?† Tanya hissed. â€Å"Normal procedure,† Edward answered brusquely. â€Å"They usually incapacitate those on trial so they can't escape.† I looked across at Jane, who was staring at our group with furious disbelief. I was pretty sure that, besides me, she'd never seen anyone remain standing through her fiery assault. It probably wasn't very mature. But I figured it would take Aro about half a second to guess – if he hadn't already – that my shield was more powerful than Edward had known; I already had a big target on my forehead and there was really no point in trying to keep the extent of what I could do a secret. So I grinned a huge, smug smile right at Jane. Her eyes narrowed, and I felt another stab of pressure, this time directed at me. I pulled my lips wider, showing my teeth. Jane let out a high-pitched scream of a snarl. Everyone jumped, even the disciplined guard. Everyone but the ancients, who didn't so much as look up from their conference. Her twin caught her arm as she crouched to spring. The Romanians started chuckling with dark anticipation. â€Å"I told you this was our time,† Vladimir said to Stefan. â€Å"Just look at the witch's face,† Stefan chortled. Alec patted his sister's shoulder soothingly, then tucked her under his arm. He turned his face to us, perfectly smooth, completely angelic. I waited for some pressure, some sign of his attack, but I felt nothing. He continued to stare in our direction, his pretty face composed. Was he attacking? Was he getting through my shield? Was I the only one who could still see him? I clutched at Edward's hand. â€Å"Are you okay?† I choked out. â€Å"Yes,† he whispered. â€Å"Is Alec trying?† Edward nodded. â€Å"His gift is slower than Jane's. It creeps. It will touch us in a few seconds.† I saw it then, when I had a clue of what to look for. A strange clear haze was oozing across the snow, nearly invisible against the white. It reminded me of a mirage – a slight warping of the view, a hint of a shimmer. I pushed my shield out from Carlisle and the rest of the front line, afraid to have the slinking mist too close when it hit. What if it stole right through my intangible protection? Should we run? A low rumbling murmured through the ground under our feet, and a gust of wind blew the snow into sudden flurries between our position and the Volturi's. Benjamin had seen the creeping threat, too, and now he tried to blow the mist away from us. The snow made it easy to see where he threw the wind, but the mist didn't react in any way. It was like air blowing harmlessly through a shadow; the shadow was immune. The triangular formation of the ancients finally broke apart when, with a racking groan, a deep, narrow fissure opened in a long zigzag across the middle of the clearing. The earth rocked under my feet for a moment. The drifts of snow plummeted into the hole, but the mist skipped right across it, as untouched by gravity as it had been by wind. Aro and Caius watched the opening earth with wide eyes. Marcus looked in the same direction without emotion. They didn't speak; they waited, too, as the mist approached us. The wind shrieked louder but didn't change the course of the mist. Jane was smiling now. And then the mist hit a wall. I could taste it as soon as it touched my shield – it had a dense, sweet, cloying flavor. It made me remember dimly the numbness of Novocain on my tongue. The mist curled upward, seeking a breach, a weakness. It found none. The fingers of searching haze twisted upward and around, trying to find a way in, and in the process illustrating the astonishing size of the protective screen. There were gasps on both sides of Benjamin's gorge. â€Å"Well done, Bella!† Benjamin cheered in a low voice. My smile returned. I could see Alec's narrowed eyes, doubt on his face for the first time as his mist swirled harmlessly around the edges of my shield. And then I knew that I could do this. Obviously, I would be the number-one priority, the first one to die, but as long as I held, we were on more than equal footing with the Volturi. We still had Benjamin and Zafrina; they had no supernatural help at all. As long as I held. â€Å"I'm going to have to concentrate,† I whispered to Edward. â€Å"When it comes to hand to hand, it's going to be harder to keep the shield around the right people.† â€Å"I'll keep them off you.† â€Å"No. You have to get to Demetri. Zafrina will keep them away from me.† Zafrina nodded solemnly. â€Å"No one will touch this young one,† she promised Edward. â€Å"I'd go after Jane and Alec myself, but I can do more good here.† â€Å"Jane's mine,† Kate hissed. â€Å"She needs a taste of her own medicine.† â€Å"And Alec owes me many lives, but I will settle for his,† Vladimir growled from the other side. â€Å"He's mine.† â€Å"I just want Caius,† Tanya said evenly. The others started divvying up opponents, too, but they were quickly interrupted. Aro, staring calmly at Alec's ineffective mist, finally spoke. â€Å"Before we vote,† he began. I shook my head angrily. I was tired of this charade. The bloodlust was igniting in me again, and I was sorry that I would help the others more by standing still. I wanted to fight. â€Å"Let me remind you,† Aro continued, â€Å"whatever the council's decision, there need be no violence here.† Edward snarled out a dark laugh. Aro stared at him sadly. â€Å"It will be a regrettable waste to our kind to lose any of you. But you especially, young Edward, and your newborn mate. The Volturi would be glad to welcome many of you into our ranks. Bella, Benjamin, Zafrina, Kate. There are many choices before you. Consider them.† Chelsea's attempt to sway us fluttered impotently against my shield. Aro's gaze swept across our hard eyes, looking for any indication of hesitation. From his expression, he found none. I knew he was desperate to keep Edward and me, to imprison us the way he had hoped to enslave Alice. But this fight was too big. He would not win if I lived. I was fiercely glad to be so powerful that I left him no way not to kill me. â€Å"Let us vote, then,† he said with apparent reluctance. Caius spoke with eager haste. â€Å"The child is an unknown quantity. There is no reason to allow such a risk to exist. It must be destroyed, along with all who protect it.† He smiled in expectation. I fought back a shriek of defiance to answer his cruel smirk. Marcus lifted his uncaring eyes, seeming to look through us as he voted. â€Å"I see no immediate danger. The child is safe enough for now. We can always reevaluate later. Let us leave in peace.† His voice was even fainter than his brothers' feathery sighs. None of the guard relaxed their ready positions at his disagreeing words. Caius's anticipatory grin did not falter. It was as if Marcus hadn't spoken at all. â€Å"I must make the deciding vote, it seems,† Aro mused. Suddenly, Edward stiffened at my side. â€Å"Yes!† he hissed. I risked a glance at him. His face glowed with an expression of triumph that I didn't understand – it was the expression an angel of destruction might wear while the world burned. Beautiful and terrifying. There was a low reaction from the guard, an uneasy murmur. â€Å"Aro?† Edward called, nearly shouted, undisguised victory in his voice. Aro hesitated for a second, assessing this new mood warily before he answered. â€Å"Yes, Edward? You have something further†¦ ?† â€Å"Perhaps,† Edward said pleasantly, controlling his unexplained excitement. â€Å"First, if I could clarify one point?† â€Å"Certainly,† Aro said, raising his eyebrows, nothing now but polite interest in his tone. My teeth ground together; Aro was never more dangerous than when he was gracious. â€Å"The danger you foresee from my daughter – this stems entirely from our inability to guess how she will develop? That is the crux of the matter?† â€Å"Yes, friend Edward,† Aro agreed. â€Å"If we could but be positive†¦ be sure that, as she grows, she will be able to stay concealed from the human world – not endanger the safety of our obscurity . . .† He trailed off, shrugging. â€Å"So, if we could only know for sure,† Edward suggested, â€Å"exactly what she will become†¦ then there would be no need for a council at all?† â€Å"If there was some way to be absolutely sure,† Aro agreed, his feathery voice slightly more shrill. He couldn't see where Edward was leading him. Neither could I. â€Å"Then, yes, there would be no question to debate.† â€Å"And we would part in peace, good friends once again?† Edward asked with a hint of irony. Even more shrill. â€Å"Of course, my young friend. Nothing would please me more.† Edward chuckled exultantly. â€Å"Then I do have something more to offer.† Aro's eyes narrowed. â€Å"She is absolutely unique. Her future can only be guessed at.† â€Å"Not absolutely unique,† Edward disagreed. â€Å"Rare, certainly, but not one of a kind.† I fought the shock, the sudden hope springing to life, as it threatened to distract me. The sickly-looking mist still swirled around the edges of my shield. And, as I struggled to focus, I felt again the sharp, stabbing pressure against my protective hold. â€Å"Aro, would you ask Jane to stop attacking my wife?† Edward asked courteously. â€Å"We are still discussing evidence.† Aro raised one hand. â€Å"Peace, dear ones. Let us hear him out.† The pressure disappeared. Jane bared her teeth at me; I couldn't help grinning back at her. â€Å"Why don't you join us, Alice?† Edward called loudly. â€Å"Alice,† Esme whispered in shock. Alice! Alice, Alice, Alice! â€Å"Alice!† â€Å"Alice!† other voices murmured around me. â€Å"Alice,† Aro breathed. Relief and violent joy surged through me. It took all my will to keep the shield where it was. Alec's mist still tested, seeking a weakness – Jane would see if I left any holes. And then I heard them running through the forest, flying, closing the distance as quickly as they could with no slowing effort at silence. Both sides were motionless in expectation. The Volturi witnesses scowled in fresh confusion. Then Alice danced into the clearing from the southwest, and I felt like the bliss of seeing her face again might knock me off my feet. Jasper was only inches behind her, his sharp eyes fierce. Close after them ran three strangers; the first was a tall, muscular female with wild dark hair – obviously Kachiri. She had the same elongated limbs and features as the other Amazons, even more pronounced in her case. The next was a small olive-toned female vampire with a long braid of black hair bobbing against her back. Her deep burgundy eyes flitted nervously around the confrontation before her. And the last was a young man†¦ not quite as fast nor quite as fluid in his run. His skin was an impossible rich, dark brown. His wary eyes flashed across the gathering, and they were the color of warm teak. His hair was black and braided, too, like the woman's, though not as long. He was beautiful. As he neared us, a new sound sent shock waves through the watching crowd – the sound of another heartbeat, accelerated with exertion. Alice leaped lightly over the edges of the dissipating mist that lapped at my shield and came to a sinuous stop at Edward's side. I reached out to touch her arm, and so did Edward, Esme, Carlisle. There wasn't time for any other welcome. Jasper and the others followed her through the shield. All the guard watched, speculation in their eyes, as the latecomers crossed the invisible border without difficulty. The brawny ones, Felix and the others like him, focused their suddenly hopeful eyes on me. They had not been sure of what my shield repelled, but it was clear now that it would not stop a physical attack. As soon as Aro gave the order, the blitz would ensue, me the only object. I wondered how many Zafrina would be able to blind, and how much that would slow them. Long enough for Kate and Vladimir to take Jane and Alec out of the equation? That was all I could ask for. Edward, despite his absorption in the coup he was directing, stiffened furiously in response to their thoughts. He controlled himself and spoke to Aro again. â€Å"Alice has been searching for her own witnesses these last weeks,† he said to the ancient. â€Å"And she does not come back empty-handed. Alice, why don't you introduce the witnesses you've brought?† Caius snarled. â€Å"The time for witnesses is past! Cast your vote, Aro!† Aro raised one finger to silence his brother, his eyes glued to Alice's face. Alice stepped forward lightly and introduced the strangers. â€Å"This is Huilen and her nephew, Nahuel.† Hearing her voice†¦ it was like she'd never left. Caius's eyes tightened as Alice named the relationship between the newcomers. The Volturi witnesses hissed amongst themselves. The vampire world was changing, and everyone could feel it. â€Å"Speak, Huilen,† Aro commanded. â€Å"Give us the witness you were brought to bear.† The slight woman looked to Alice nervously. Alice nodded in encouragement, and Kachiri put her long hand on the little vampire's shoulder. â€Å"I am Huilen,† the woman announced in clear but strangely accented English. As she continued, it was apparent she had prepared herself to tell this story, that she had practiced. It flowed like a well-known nursery rhyme. â€Å"A century and a half ago, I lived with my people, the Mapuche. My sister was Pire. Our parents named her after the snow on the mountains because of her fair skin. And she was very beautiful – too beautiful. She came to me one day in secret and told me of the angel that found her in the woods, that visited her by night. I warned her.† Huilen shook her head mournfully. â€Å"As if the bruises on her skin were not warning enough. I knew it was the Libishomen of our legends, but she would not listen. She was bewitched. â€Å"She told me when she was sure her dark angel's child was growing inside her. I didn't try to discourage her from her plan to run away – I knew even our father and mother would agree that the child must be destroyed, Pire with it. I went with her into the deepest parts of the forest. She searched for her demon angel but found nothing. I cared for her, hunted for her when her strength failed. She ate the animals raw, drinking their blood. I needed no more confirmation of what she carried in her womb. I hoped to save her life before I killed the monster. â€Å"But she loved the child inside her. She called him Nahuel, after the jungle cat, when he grew strong and broke her bones – and loved him still. â€Å"I could not save her. The child ripped his way free of her, and she died quickly, begging all the while that I would care for her Nahuel. Her dying wish – and I agreed. â€Å"He bit me, though, when I tried to lift him from her body. I crawled away into the jungle to die. I didn't get far – the pain was too much. But he found me; the newborn child struggled through the underbrush to my side and waited for me. When the pain ended, he was curled against my side, sleeping. â€Å"I cared for him until he was able to hunt for himself. We hunted the villages around our forest, staying to ourselves. We have never come so far from our home, but Nahuel wished to see the child here.† Huilen bowed her head when she was finished and moved back so she was partially hidden behind Kachiri. Aro's lips were pursed. He stared at the dark-skinned youth. â€Å"Nahuel, you are one hundred and fifty years old?† he questioned. â€Å"Give or take a decade,† he answered in a clear, beautifully warm voice. His accent was barely noticeable. â€Å"We don't keep track.† â€Å"And you reached maturity at what age?† â€Å"About seven years after my birth, more or less, I was full grown.† â€Å"You have not changed since then?† Nahuel shrugged. â€Å"Not that I've noticed.† I felt a shudder tremble through Jacob's body. I didn't want to think about this yet. I would wait till the danger was past and I could concentrate. â€Å"And your diet?† Aro pressed, seeming interested in spite of himself. â€Å"Mostly blood, but some human food, too. I can survive on either.† â€Å"You were able to create an immortal?† As Aro gestured to Huilen, his voice was abruptly intense. I refocused on my shield; perhaps he was seeking a new excuse. â€Å"Yes, but none of the rest can.† A shocked murmur ran through all three groups. Aro's eyebrows shot up. â€Å"The rest?† â€Å"My sisters.† Nahuel shrugged again. Aro stared wildly for a moment before composing his face. â€Å"Perhaps you would tell us the rest of your story, for there seems to be more.† Nahuel frowned. â€Å"My father came looking for me a few years after my mother's death.† His handsome face distorted slightly. â€Å"He was pleased to find me.† Nahuel's tone suggested the feeling was not mutual. â€Å"He had two daughters, but no sons. He expected me to join him, as my sisters had. â€Å"He was surprised I was not alone. My sisters are not venomous, but whether that's due to gender or a random chance†¦ who knows? I already had my family with Huilen, and I was not interested† – he twisted the word – â€Å"in making a change. I see him from time to time. I have a new sister; she reached maturity about ten years back.† â€Å"Your father's name?† Caius asked through gritted teeth. â€Å"Joham,† Nahuel answered. â€Å"He considers himself a scientist. He thinks he's creating a new super-race.† He made no attempt to disguise the disgust in his tone. Caius looked at me. â€Å"Your daughter, is she venomous?† he demanded harshly. â€Å"No,† I responded. Nahuel's head snapped up at Aro's question, and his teak eyes turned to bore into my face. Caius looked to Aro for confirmation, but Aro was absorbed in his own thoughts. He pursed his lips and stared at Carlisle, and then Edward, and at last his eyes rested on me. Caius growled. â€Å"We take care of the aberration here, and then follow it south,† he urged Aro. Aro stared into my eyes for a long, tense moment. I had no idea what he was searching for, or what he found, but after he had measured me for that moment, something in his face changed, a faint shift in the set of his mouth and eyes, and I knew that Aro had made his decision. â€Å"Brother,† he said softly to Caius. â€Å"There appears to be no danger. This is an unusual development, but I see no threat. These half-vampire children are much like us, it appears.† â€Å"Is that your vote?† Caius demanded. â€Å"It is.† Caius scowled. â€Å"And this Joham? This immortal so fond of experimentation?† â€Å"Perhaps we should speak with him,† Aro agreed. â€Å"Stop Joham if you will,† Nahuel said flatly. â€Å"But leave my sisters be. They are innocent.† Aro nodded, his expression solemn. And then he turned back to his guard with a warm smile. â€Å"Dear ones,† he called. â€Å"We do not fight today.† The guard nodded in unison and straightened out of their ready positions. The mist dissipated swiftly, but I held my shield in place. Maybe this was another trick. I analyzed their expressions as Aro turned back to us. His face was as benign as ever, but unlike before, I sensed a strange blankness behind the fa?ade. As if his scheming was over. Caius was clearly incensed, but his rage was turned inward now; he was resigned. Marcus looked†¦ bored; there really was no other word for it. The guard was impassive and disciplined again; there were no individuals among them, just the whole. They were in formation, ready to depart. The Volturi witnesses were still wary; one after another, they departed, scattering into the woods. As their numbers dwindled, the remaining sped up. Soon they were all gone. Aro held his hands out to us, almost apologetic. Behind him, the larger part of the guard, along with Caius, Marcus, and the silent, mysterious wives, were already drifting quickly away, their formation precise once again. Only the three that seemed to be his personal guardians lingered with him. â€Å"I'm so glad this could be resolved without violence,† he said sweetly. â€Å"My friend, Carlisle – how pleased I am to call you friend again! I hope there are no hard feelings. I know you understand the strict burden that our duty places on our shoulders.† â€Å"Leave in peace, Aro,† Carlisle said stiffly. â€Å"Please remember that we still have our anonymity to protect here, and keep your guard from hunting in this region.† â€Å"Of course, Carlisle,† Aro assured him. â€Å"I am sorry to earn your disapproval, my dear friend. Perhaps, in time, you will forgive me.† â€Å"Perhaps, in time, if you prove a friend to us again.† Aro bowed his head, the picture of remorse, and drifted backward for a moment before he turned around. We watched in silence as the last four Volturi disappeared into the trees. It was very quiet. I did not drop my shield. â€Å"Is it really over?† I whispered to Edward. His smile was huge. â€Å"Yes. They've given up. Like all bullies, they're cowards underneath the swagger.† He chuckled. Alice laughed with him. â€Å"Seriously, people. They're not coming back. Everybody can relax now.† There was another beat of silence. â€Å"Of all the rotten luck,† Stefan muttered. And then it hit. Cheers erupted. Deafening howls filled the clearing. Maggie pounded Siobhan on the back. Rosalie and Emmett kissed again – longer and more ardently than before. Benjamin and Tia were locked in each other's arms, as were Carmen and Eleazar. Esme held Alice and Jasper in a tight embrace. Carlisle was warmly thanking the South American newcomers who had saved us all. Kachiri stood very close to Zafrina and Senna, their fingertips interlocked. Garrett picked Kate up off the ground and swung her around in a circle. Stefan spit on the snow. Vladimir ground his teeth together with a sour expression. And I half-climbed the giant russet wolf to rip my daughter off his back and then crushed her to my chest. Edward's arms were around us in the same second. â€Å"Nessie, Nessie, Nessie,† I crooned. Jacob laughed his big, barky laugh and poked the back of my head with his nose. â€Å"Shut up,† I mumbled. â€Å"I get to stay with you?† Nessie demanded. â€Å"Forever,† I promised her. We had forever. And Nessie was going to be fine and healthy and strong. Like the halfhuman Nahuel, in a hundred and fifty years she would still be young. And we would all be together. Happiness expanded like an explosion inside me – so extreme, so violent that I wasn't sure I'd survive it. â€Å"Forever,† Edward echoed in my ear. I couldn't speak anymore. I lifted my head and kissed him with a passion that might possibly set the forest on fire. I wouldn't have noticed.

Essay on George Balanchine - 1558 Words

George Balanchine One of the most important and influential people in the world of ballet is George Balanchine. He became a legend long before he died. He brought the standards of dance up to a level that had never been seen before, and he created a new audience for ballet. Balanchine was one of the greatest and most prolific choreographers in ballet history, choreographing at least 300 ballets; he was rivaled in quantity only by Jules Perrot and Marius Petipa. At the age of nine he started training at the Imperial School in St. Petersburg. He rarely saw his family because they lived far away and he became the ward of Grigory Grigorevich, who was in charge of the school. There Balanchine†¦show more content†¦In 1924, with Vladimir Dimitrievs help, Balanchine, Tamara Geva, Nicholas Efimov, and Alexandra Danilova formed the Soviet State Dancers, and were allowed to tour Germany during the Maryinsky vacation. They decided not to return to Russia, but to defect and go to England. The small comp any did so poorly in London that they were bought out of their contracts. They then went to Paris in hopes of finding work. Serge Diaghilev heard of this Russian company and sent for them. He hired the four dancers, and also allowed Dimitriev to work for the company. Diaghilev thought the Georgians name Balanchivadze was too difficult to pronounce and changed it to Balanchine. Diaghilev was immediately impressed with Balanchines creative ballets and wanted him to choreograph for the opera in Monte Carlo. For the Ballets Russes he created Apollo in 1928 and The Prodigal Son in 1929, which have remained Blanchines signature pieces to this day. In 1926 Geva divorced him and went to America, and Alexandra Danilova became his unofficial wife. In 1929, while still with the Diaghilev company. Balanchine choreographed and danced in Dark Red Roses, the first talking motion picture in England. It was at this time that Balanchine heard of Diaghilevs death, leaving him and the entire Ballets Russes without work. George Balanchine past successes found him work as a choreographer in London, Copenhagen, Paris and also for a new company in Monte Carlo under theShow MoreRelatedGeorge Balanchine Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Balanchine Ballet is one of the worlds oldest and newest forms of dance. One man that created new audiences for ballet and mastered the dance to its fullest was none other than George Balanchine. He brought the standard ballet to levels no one has ever seen before. In the world of dance, there have been many wonderful and talented choreographers but Balanchines work affected the dance world so much that he was a legend long before his death. 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Ultimately, The Nutcracker is Claras girlhood dream of love and marriage. In the Land of Sweets, Clara is finally able to be with her prince and with shining eyes adores him (Balanchine 249-253). The Nutcracker also restores the ideal that marriage for gentry women is sweet, pleasant, and fulfilling. In the metaphoric wedding feast in Act II, Clara is calm and docile watching the various antics, but not participating, which alsoRead MoreEssay on My First Semester of College1157 Words   |  5 Pagesclass if I was to take away one key element, or topic that made the biggest impact in my life it would be George Balanchine. Even though Balanchine appears in ballet no matter what time period an individual is talking about the name Balanchine can easily be connected to the topic of conversation and I think that is truly remarkable. One thing that I found truly remarkable about Balanchine was how he strived in the face of adversity. Even though he was in a sense kicked out of the Balle t RusseRead MoreBiography Of George Balanchine s The Ballet 1000 Words   |  4 Pages George Balanchine once said â€Å"The Ballet is purely a female thing; it is a woman, a garden of beautiful flowers, and man is a gardener† (Goellner and Murphy, 36) , but this ideology doesn’t apply to everyone. King Louis XIV of France wasn’t a gardener, but the beautiful flower. He started practicing ballet from a young age. The ballet was rising in the late 17th century and it had an important role both in social and political sections. Also named as the Sun king, Louis XIV had theRead MoreBallet : Women And Women1089 Words   |  5 Pages Although nowadays gender has no boundaries in the world of dance, dance has always been known for its gender significance towards women such as ballet as it is created to look graceful and according to Balanchine, â€Å"ballet was women† because the truest form of ballet was the long lines of the female body (â€Å"cite source†). Even though ballet was developed in the courts of Renaissance Italy by a man, King Louis XIV, it was actually introduced by an Italian noblewoman, Catherine de’ Medici and one ofRead MoreContemporary Ballet853 Words   |  4 Pagesand innovations of the 20th century modern dance; including floor work and turn-in and out of the legs. George Balanchine is often considerate to have been the first pioneer of the Contemporary Ballet. He used flexed hands and feet, turn-in legs, off centered positions, and non classical costumes; such as leotards, unitards, and/or tunics. One dancer who trained with Balanchine was Mekhair Baryshnikov. He was an artistic director of the American Ballet Theater. In 1980 he began workingRead MoreSearching For Nijinsky s Sacre By Millicent Hodson1611 Words   |  7 Pagesarticle’s main point. The Balanchine Woman: Of Hummingbirds and Channel Swimmers â€Å"The Balanchine Women: Of Hummingbirds and Channel Swimmers† was written by Ann Daly. Daly is an essayist who specializes in writing on women and women’s history. Many of her writings have appeared in journals such as The New York Times, Village Voice, and Texas Observer. The excerpt is a journal article from The Drama Review, which was published in 1987. In â€Å"The Balanchine Woman: Of Hummingbirds and Channel

Effect Of Cell Phones On Society - 1834 Words

Kayla Burns Ms. Calder Senior English B 6 February 2017 Cell Phone’s Affect on Society Cell phones originated in the 1970’s and did not become a common household item until the early 2000’s. For millennials cellphones are the most common form of communication. The average person sends over 250 texts in one month (Kenneth Burke). For instance, there are more texts sent per day than calls made, reducing the verbal time that is needed to enhance one’s skills. Since texting has recently become so popular, general social and communication skills have decreased. In addition, â€Å"This type of communication is anything but social. We lose social skills by always communicating with people over phones and computers† (Voegeli). Most believe that lack†¦show more content†¦In addition, â€Å"The consequences of this are social awkwardness and even social anxiety when confronted with new people to meet in person† (Stewart). If one is used to texting all the time it takes away from his or her face to face interaction and verbal communication leading it to be stressful for the person. The lack of verbal conversation is becoming a problem for future generations as they do not know how to communicate properly. As Erin Stewart also said, â€Å"Studies have shown that it makes it difficult for students who rely so heavily on technology to actually communicate to adults in person because they don’t quite develop all of the necessary skills to hold or even start a face-to-face conversation.† This becomes a problem cause as said earlier, if one has a job interview they will not know how to respond or interact appropriately to leave a lasting impression. Texting takes away from the skills, importance, and knowledge of public speaking which is necessary for day-to-day interactions. Modern day technology has changed the way most companies function on a day-to-day basis. Different forms of technology is almost an everyday necessity in the working world in order to have a fast and effective running company. When one gets a desk job he or she is not usually provided with a laptop, smartphone, etc. They are expected to supply their own ways of communication and if they areShow MoreRelatedCell Phones And Its Effects On Society Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world resemble in the event that we didn t have any cell phones? Why is it that we get out of our comfort zone when we do not have access to our phones? Nowadays, cell phones have such a noteworthy effect on our day to day lives, and we owe it to the advancement of technology. In this research paper, we will take a closer look at this phenomenon by examining the evolution of cell phone devices, and it’s effects on society. Cell phones, as we know them haven’t been around for that long. The quickRead MoreCell Phone Effect on Society1526 Words   |  7 PagesClass Date Title How often do we see some people in society now a days on their phones? Whether this be to someone checking their Facebook or just messaging their friends to let them know where they are. How often could you witness to how they could cause accidents such as not paying attention when crossing the road, crime such as the increase in phones being stolen, or car accidents in the split second in which one is looking down at their phone rather than paying attention to what is on the roadRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Society1400 Words   |  6 Pagespossible to carry a phone and still use it, since then there have been millions upon millions released through these forty three years of its existence, every year with a different model, system, camera, you name it, the possibilities are endless! The advantages cellular devices hold over us are massive, from calling a friend situated halfway across the world to ordering food for Memorial High School’s 5th period lunch. Another m ajor factor of our 24/7 nonstop use of the cell phone is texting. TextRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society940 Words   |  4 Pages Cell phones have been around for hundreds of years. It’s no surprise that more and more people are beginning to partake in cellphone use. Cell phones provide society with an easier way of communicating and obtaining information, but at the same time there are some negative consequences. What most people don’t realize is that cellphones are actually quite harmful to modern society. Scientifically cellphones emit radiations that can potentially produce fatal results. Overall cellphones haveRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Society1480 Words   |  6 Pagesthis technology, the cell phone was created and over the years has advanced itself. The cell phone has become a necessity to many. All ages use this mobile device for either personal or business uses. Higgins states that the amount of cell phones active has increased from â€Å"one billion in 2000 to 6 billion.† Although cell phones paly an important role in the lives of many, the negative possibilitie s could cause destruction to our society. According to Russell Ware, a cell phone is â€Å"any portable telephoneRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society3111 Words   |  13 Pagesback to the office on the cell phone†, said Seven Spielberg. Everywhere you are no matter what, you will see someone in contact with his or her cell phone. The effects of them cause negative and positive outcomes within our society. Cell phones have influenced society both positive and negative ways regarding teenagers life, social interactions, emergencies crimes, and health. Cell phones have negatively affected teenager’s life in more than one way. First cell phones are a distraction to the wayRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society1698 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and technological advances in communication, such as smartphones, were initially introduced in society to connect individuals together. However, because of the growing obsession of smartphones and technology, it becomes evident that technology is causing an opposite effect. The addiction of smart phones and technology has pushed individuals even farther apart. Further, in cell phones, an individual has a different life unknown to the people around him or her. In other words, individualsRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society2122 Words   |  9 PagesCell phones have become a necessary evil in today s society according to some people. While cell phones can have positive effects, easy access to friends and family also with the police force, paramedics, and firefighter s. The negative effects of cellphones outweigh the positives. Cellphones are dangerous and their use in today s society should be limited. From when the first cell phone was invented to the new apple IPhone 6 since coming out people have been addicted to them. People have gottenRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society Essay1839 Words   |  8 Pagesaffected by cell phones and mobile phones’ temptations have reduced face-to-face communication among people, attracted people from their study and work, and even harmed their health and life, it is urgent now to find detailed origins behind such phenomenon of cell phone addiction and then find solutions to this serious problem. Until now, on this topic many researchers have investigated people’s average using times of cell phones per day, people’s average amount of time of using cell phones per day,Read MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society1991 Words   |  8 Pagesadvantage of it, but is this a good thing? Cell phones are taking over people’s lives and the pattern is going to continue if people keep using cell phones the way they are, and allowing their children to use them equally as much. One s relationships, values, and time management would all be better if cell phones were not as significant of a part of people’s lives as they have become. Howard Rheingold says it so beautifully and accurately. Cell phones and other technology is changing the world and

Symbolism in Fences - 1385 Words

Symbols in Fences As we know that, â€Å"Symbolism is a literary deice in which an object, event, or action is used to suggest a meaning beyond its literal meaning† (p.1801). In the play night Mother, by Marsha Norman used the symbol of â€Å"bus† to compare Jessie life; she feel herself as if no progress in life after the age fifty years. Therefore, she compares herself with such a â€Å"Bus† which will reach in same place even after fifty years. So, ‘Bus’ symbolizes the lack of progress, sense of hopelessness in life. The Pulitzer Prize winning drama â€Å"Fences† by renowned African-American black Writer August Wilson also presents the symbols in his play. The symbols play vital role in play. It represents the theme of Drama. So, symbolic meaning is†¦show more content†¦Poor folks can’t get nothing. Troy: Them numbers don’t know nobody. I don’t know Why you fool with them. You and Lyons both. (p1520.1.2) So, Rose and Lyons used to play with number. Wilson displays such characters in Fences to represent how people have hope of winning the ‘lottery’ and how they relate it with ‘fate’. ‘The Devil’ as symbol In the play the protagonist, Troy often tells the false stories of ‘the devil’. Actually, his wife Rose knew that Troy isShow MoreRelatedSymbolism In Fences By August Wilson1460 Words   |  6 PagesKeep Love in or Lock it Out?: An Analysis of Symbolism in Fences Symbolism is defined as an artistic and poetic movement or style using symbolic images and indirect suggestion to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind. In Fences by August Wilson, symbolism is used heavily throughout the play in order to represent deeper meanings and add to the emotion of the storyline. In order for the play to have so much depth and emotion, symbolism is crucial to the work itself and the heavy topicsRead MoreGender Symbolism In The Fences1815 Words   |  8 PagesFences Essay In the Fences, by August Wilson shows that life of African Americans in the U.S. in the 1950s with the story of Troy and his family. Wilson uses the symbol of the fence to show the desires of each character like Rose’s desire is to keep her family together, Troy’s desire is to keep death out and to be not bound forever, and Bono’s desire is to follow Troy, his best friend, as an example of the right way to live and to be with Rose and Troy who are basically his family. Rose and theRead MoreSymbolism In Rabbit Proof Fence1306 Words   |  6 Pagesto the historical contrast that divides Australian society. The volume of this irrational prejudice through the perpetuation of dominant western ideologies depicted Aborigines as treacherous and unscrupulous. In contrast, the riveting Rabbit Proof Fence film released in 2002 and directed by Philip Noyce, eschews bigotry by illuminating a dense history of racist and distorted Aboriginal representations. Furthermore, it c hronicles the ordeal of the Stolen Generation which included abducting half-castRead MoreSymbolism In The Rabbit Proof Fence842 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie, Rabbit Proof Fence, directed by Phillip Noyce, tells the story about three young aboriginals girls’ name, Molly, Daisy, and Gracie, who were taken away from their families and homes to be brought up in white society. The girls are related; two sisters and a cousin. The story reveals the struggles the girls encounters while trying to run away from Moore River, which is a settlement camp where half-caste native (children with both white and Native parents) children are educated on how toRead MoreDiscuss the Symbolism and Motifs in the ‘Rabbit Proof Fence’. What Do They Represent and How Do They Contribute to the Story?968 Words   |  4 PagesRabbit Proof Fence Discuss the symbolism and motifs in the ‘Rabbit Proof Fence’. What do they represent and how do they contribute to the story? The film ‘Rabbit Proof Fence’ conveys the importance of family, belonging and country to the Aboriginal people and provides the audience with an insight of the division between the Europeans and the Aboriginal people. The Director, Philip Noyce displays these themes by the use of symbolism and motifs. Symbolism is the use of one object to representRead MoreRabbit Proof Fence Essay728 Words   |  3 Pagesnumber of filimic and literary techniques thoughout â€Å"Rabbit Proof Fence† to ddo this. The use of symbolism, lighting, characterisation and camera angles all enable Noyce to express the physical journey being explored. The cover of Kellehers’ novel ______ uses visual techniques such as colour, blending and dark patches to convey the type of journey being explored through his text. â€Å"Sweet Home Alabama† uses literary techniques such as symbolism, repetition and rhyme to express the journey being undertakenRead MoreSymbolism in The Chrysanthem ums by John Steinbeck Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck The Chrysanthemums, one of John Steinbecks masterpieces, describes a lonely farmers wife, Elisa Allen. Elisa Allens physical appearance is very mannish yet still allows a hint of a feminine side to peek through. John Steinbeck brings symbolism into play to represent Elisa Allens frustrations and hidden passions. Isolation is another representation through symbolism found in The Chrysanthemums. Elisas failing detached marriage is representedRead MoreThe Shifting Heart Analytical Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesHeart’ Analytical Essay- The use of Symbolism â€Å"Racism is man’s gravest threat to man- the maximum of hatred for a minimum of reason.† (Abraham J. Heschel, Jewish philosopher). Richard Beynon’s ‘The Shifting Heart’ was first published in 1960, and insightfully explores the impact of racism. It is based on the lives of the Bianchis, an Italian family living in the suburb of Collingwood, during the post World War II immigration boom. As a literary device, symbolism is the representation of a conceptRead MoreFences: White People and Troy Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"Fences† August Wilson’s famous play â€Å"Fences† is a drama set in the 1950’s. Being a winner of the Pulitzer Prize for the best play of the year, this play has had many positive responses to blacks and whites in this society. It is about protagonist Troy Maxson as well as his african american family that is filled with drama and excitement. In Wilson’s Fences by Joseph Wessling he expresses, â€Å"Fences is about the always imperfect quest for true manhood. Troy’s father was less of a â€Å"true†Read MoreAnalysis Of Once Upon A Time710 Words   |  3 Pagesto increase outside their living quarters. They add to their security system to ensure their safety, but the system eventually turns on them when it takes the life of their beloved son. In â€Å"Once Upon A Time†, Nadine Gordimer utilizes imagery and symbolism to convey the idea that one may allow the fear of â€Å"others† to consume one’s thoughts, resulting in isolation from society. Gordimer utilizes imagery to illustrate the many precautions one may take to eliminate their fear of the thoughts and actions

Change Management in Turbulent Times in UK

Question: In recent years, the UK has seen a decrease in government funding for various public bodies. Social enterprises have attempted to fill part of the gap created by that decrease in funding in social areas. Social enterprises have been seen as new structures that could provide answers to such financial constraints, helping non-profit organisations acquire funding (Wood, 2010). You are to put forward a research proposal to see what form of change management will facilitate change within such a turbulent setting. Van de Ven (1980b) posits such a question in relation to the Program Planning Model (PPM) while its sister paper, Van de Ven (1980a), gives a review of other theoretical models related to the nature of change. Answer: Introduction It has been observed that from the year 2010, the UK Government has decreased the funding towards the local government as it had the objective of decreasing the deficit. In order to encourage local growth and to bring in a sound structure of incentives, the government changed its funding policy towards the local authorities. This is a welcome decision for the local bodies as it is providing them with financial opportunities, but it has also escalated the risks of financial nature. Under the circumstances the local authorities are finding it extremely difficult to maintain financial stability and sustainability in the country. There is a strong and rigid financial support which prevents the local bodies from becoming bankrupt. However, lack of funding from the central government is making their lives more difficult. Want of services from these local bodies have a negative impact on the users of such services and results in less value for money scenario. This finally tends to increase different costs or transfers the weight of costs to the different providers of services. The scenario is not better even now as the government is implementing high cut rates of about 25% in the poorest areas of UK. This is in contrast with the affluent areas which are facing cuts at much lesser rate of around 3%. Therefore, it is important for the local bodies to come up in their own defense and plan ways to appeal to the government to discourage this long deprivation. This research proposal seeks to chalk out the various methods which can be implemented in order to safeguard the interests of the local authorities and the non-profit organizations in the UK. Title Change Management in UK in order to stabilize the local authorities from reduced government funding Motivation for the Research The objective of the research work is to determine the alternative approaches to funding all these local bodies and the non-profit organizations in the UK. The UK government has made it clear that it is going to reduce its spending towards all these local bodies as a policy. As per the trend it is predicted that the reduction in funding to local authorities will be somewhere around 37% in the year 2015 to 2016 as per reliable data sources from the department. In the metropolitan districts, the reduction of funding will be even higher at a staggering 41% in 2015-2016. The funding in the County Council has decreased by 33%. The research is to be conducted in order to find out what could be the strategies taken up by the other local authorities to safeguard the existence of the non-profit concerns. The reduction in funding by the government may have a long lasting effect on the local bodies. Hence, there needs to be a proper mission of the research work in order to determine what could be the best possible way to deal with the current scenario. It is even bad to know that the government is hitting the less economically developed communities in a hard way. The affluent sections of the society and economy are able to remain unscathed by the cut-off policy which is being followed by the UK government since 2010 and also in 2015 (Bielinska-Kwapisz, 2014). The irony is that in stead of the rich communities, it is the poor communities that are facing the wrath of the government. What is even more alarming to know is the fact that the 10 least deprived areas of England are facing the cuts in funding at a rate of 2.54%, whereas the 10 worst deprived locations of England are dealing with high cutting rates of 25.3% in the period between 2010 and 2015. The trend is expected to continue like this even in 2016. Therefore, there must be some opposing force from the local bodies who need to address the issue and take it up to the government for due consideration. They should stand up in unison and take up the issue seriously with the government or a time may come when these concerns will become insolvent and cease to exist. The central government is also expected to act smart and come up with such a policy which will take care of these local authorities and non profit concerns (Brooke, 2015). It is not out of place to mention in this respect that, Paul Woods, who is the stalwart treasurer in the council of New Castle City, intimated the 326 local bodies in England about the cut rates of the government. He also showed a comparison between the several deprivation indices divulged by the Department of Communities and the local government. The result shows that the highest score of deprivation measured 43.45 was attributed to the City Council of Liverpool (Burnes et al.2012). It was receiving cuts at a rate of 27.1%. However, the council of the Hart district which has the least deprivation score measuring 4.47 is having the least cut rate of 1.5%. So, there has been an immense inconsistency in such figures and the actual motive behind such government decision needs to be probed. Hence the said research proposal is made to raise some questions and in order to receive satisfactory answers from the government and other authorities (Caldwell, 2013). Research Questions After going through the objectives of the research proposal, we can come up with the following relevant questions which will spring up in the research process if finally the proposal is accepted. What is the main aim of the project? Why the UK Government is following such a policy of funding cut off? What impacts will it have on the local authorities? What are the options in hand for the non profit and local organizations? What are the chances of success in such efforts by the local authorities? Is such a policy politically motivated? Approach The research is to be conducted by the marketing agency and its members in order to arrive at certain crucial points which will determine the various key findings of the research. The survey will be conducted on the various local authorities. They will be asked the above questions and they will their answers to those questions (Chia, 2013). As of now it has been planned that the research will be conducted on 20 local authorities and non profit organizations. They will give the most relevant and appropriate answers to all the queries. Meetings will be conducted with the top management like the CEO and MDs of all the organizations (Chung, 2012). They are required to give their written consent on document specifically designed for the purpose by the marketing agency. The project will only commence after the explicit approval of those concerned persons. If any one does not want to participate in the project, he will not be forced into it (Czarniawska, 2013). The research team will consis t of two members. One will ask the questions directly to the concerned person. The other will note down the key points on a document designed for the purpose. This speed up the process of the research (Davidson, 2015). It is expected to be completed within a period of 1 month. The scheduled date of commencement has been fixed on 1st June, 2015. The research will be wrapped up by the end of June, 2015. The proposal is scheduled to be submitted on 2nd May, 2015 for approval. The approval will be either positive or negative and it is expected to be intimated by 20th of May, 2015. After that the implementation of the project will begin. The questionnaire will be developed which will consist of open-ended and closed-ended questions with use of Likert scale in some portions. Each interview will approximately take 30 minutes to complete (Dawson, 2014). After the interview is over, the questionnaire will be carried back to the office with extreme care and security. It will then be stored in the high security research room of the office. It will be kept under lock and key and there will be no unauthorized access. Strict security will be deployed to restrict unauthorized persons in the locker room (De Matos et al. 2013). The data will also be stored in computers which will be secured with passwords. This will prevent any data loss in case there is any theft of the documents or chances of the documents getting torn during handling. The data will be analyzed with the help of software like SPSS and others. There will be a dedicated IT team who will deal with the digital aspects of the data from storage to processing. After the analysis has been done, the results will be stored safely in the computer and a few back up copies will also be created on other machines. There will be technical team deployed in case of any emergency requirement (DeCicco, 2011). After the analysis is completed and results have been arrived at, they will be published in the journal of the company. The research work will also also come up in some leading local newspapers and economic magazines. The company has also created a fund for this purpose. The expenses for advertisement will also be borne by the company. The result will then be carefully analyzed and the research team will design solutions on its basis. The primary focus is to come up with solutions on the effects of fund reduction to the local government by the central government of UK (Doolin et al. 2013). The probable steps to approach the government and discuss the issue in details need to be developed. There are many issues that could play an important part in the central government policy. The discrepancies and lack of proper logic are clear in few decisions of the government. The research aims to throw light on the issue and also create the road to success for the local government and the non pr ofit organizations (du Gay et al. 2012). Anticipated results The results are expected to be conclusive enough so as to determine the right course of action. It is expected that the research will help to develop certain effective outcomes. The main aim is to seek out a solution to mitigate the effects of the funding cut off by the government on the local government and the non profit organizations (Furnari, 2012). The emphasis of the current government is more on the private sector, where it is doing the major funding. The importance of the private sector cannot be denied in the economy of a country. Nowadays the majority of the economic growth and prosperity is brought in by the private sector companies. Hence, there should be a significant investment in that sector by the government. But at the same time, the investment in local government enterprises cannot be overlooked. These establishments also contribute to the GDP of the economy. These local producers also play a major role in making or breaking the countrys economy (Grtner, 2013). The results are directed to impact the thinking of the central government and also to provide guidance to the local authorities and non profit organizations. How they can counter the situation needs to be planned and immediate steps need to be taken so that they do not turn up into sick industries. This will cause lot of unemployment and poverty in the nation. There could be a number of ways to battle with the prevailing scenario. These are discussed below: There is a legal framework which safeguards the solvency of the local authorities. They need to have adequate reserve funds and properly balance and develop their annual budgets to counter the situation. They are not in a position to borrow in order to meet the revenue expenditures (Ghadban, 2015). With the gradual decrease in the income, there should be optimal spending by the local authorities and unnecessary expenditures should be avoided. Care should be taken such that in order to fight the deficit, any local authority does not involve in any unscrupulous ways to gather finance from any source. Corporate Social Responsibility needs to be observed (Gover et al. 2012). As per the government projections, it is estimated that the budgets relating to the resources of the government will decrease by 10.9 billion which is around 3.8%. from the year 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. It will further decrease by 11.4 billion which is around 4.1% from the year 2017-2018 (Grant, 2013). It is likely that the government will protect the funds for health and education. Hence the local authorities need to plan for their savings at much higher rates. The local authorities expect these reductions in funding to continue well beyond 2015-2016 into 2018-2019. As per the estimates from reliable sources, the funding will be further lowered by 44 million in the year 2018-2019 (Kay, 2013). The political authorities will be aware that the community is aware of their actions and decisions they are taking regarding the funding. If there is any political motivation in influencing such strange funding cut decisions by the central government, then such unjust act could be prevented in future (Kumar et al. 2012). Significance of the proposed research It is expected by the research association and the entire team that the outcome of the proposed project will help the society and the economic community to understand the scenario of funding in the UK from 2015 onwards and up to 2018-2019. The research aims to provide support to the local authorities who are deprived from the funding help by the central government. There has been some previous research work in the same field before, but this one is expected to be more comprehensive and conclusive. It promises to cover all those areas which were previously overlooked by the researchers. Any research is conducted for the social and economic benefit of the country. The objective of this project is motivated by that aim. This would be an eye opener for the public as to what are the different issues that are currently lingering in the UK (MacLean et al. 2012). The research seeks to cover the several areas of funding for the governmental authorities and non profit organizations and attempts to put forward the effects of such strategies on the future of the local authorities and the community as a whole (MACPHEE et al. 2011). It will help to ascertain what should be the plan and strategy taken by the local authorities and how can they counter the central government legislations and provisions. The research looks to empower the local bodies and provide them with confidence in time of despair (McClellan, 2013). It will show them the various ways which the local authorities can implement to tackle the extreme situation. This project will guide them to manage their budgets and create reserves in smart manner in order to fight and survive in case of any contingency. The research also plans to have interaction with the central government about this issue and they will voice their views in favor of the local government. The representatives of the r esearch committee will interact with the members of the parliament and discuss in details about the issue (Benson et al. 2014). The research team predicts that by 2016-2017 they will be able to reach a concrete conclusion about this fund cutting issue by the central government. In between the committee will put forward its findings to the local government and request them to take necessary steps. This will be done on the basis of pure research work and proper data collection, analysis and conclusion arrival (Preget, 2013). The authenticity of the research work is what matters the most in the project. There will be no vague assumption. To corroborate that, the research team will publish the results in local newspapers and few of the leading economic magazines. For that purpose, the committee has also created a substantial fund which will be used for the expenses of advertising and publication of results. They have already approached the local magazine and newspaper authorities about the issue. They have also received their prior approval (Price et al. 2012). To negate the counter effects of such cost cutting policy by the government, the research will seek to advise the local authorities and the non profit concerns to cut down on the unwanted expenses. This will help them to have adequate funds in hand to deal with the crisis. They are not in a situation to borrow big amounts as loans from the financial institutions. Hence, by smart investment and optimal spending, they can improve the situation to a considerable extent. This will help them to sustain in the challenging environment. And not become insolvent. Then only, the purpose of the research is fulfilled (Vakola, 2013). Conclusions We have seen in this research proposal that the UK government is encouraging fund cut off to the local governments and the non profit organizations. They are severely cutting the rates in the poor sector instead of the affluent sector. This approach is quite inexplicable and many people are not writing off political motivation in this. However, the local bodies have to deal with this ordeal and also sustain in the system. Hence, it is prudent to promptly develop some strategies to counter the actions of the central government. This is what the aim of the research is. It is done to safeguard the interests of the local authorities. Since, 2010 they are facing a fund crisis which is affecting their way of business and services. They are not able to deal with the situation effectively and the research seeks to act as a helping hand to them in terms of financially advising them and guide them on what could be done to improve the situation. The research aims to look at each and every possi ble impact of such fund reduction process implemented by the government. It is also vouching to help the local authorities in terms of raising their voices to the central government. The research team consists of some of the best in class economists and socialists who are stalwarts in their respective fields and have lot of accolades in their own subjects. They will have personal interactions with the local government and they will try to understand their planning. There is an extreme fear of unemployment in the local sector due to this funding strategy by the central government. If this policy is continued for a longer period of time, then the local bodies might have to come to standstill some day. It will be a detriment for the economy of UK. Many people will lose their jobs and may commit suicide under the circumstances. The local government will be rendered less effective. There will be more of private sector investments and Foreign Direct Investments. These are good for the economy, but if these gain precedence, then the interests of the local bodies will be affected. This is a very sensitive issue for the people of UK. There should be smart balancing of fund supply to the public and private sectors. This is to be done so that UK does not have increase in the number of sick industries, which will affect the GDP negatively. Finally, it may be said that the research proposal is only an attempt to find out the truth of the funding scenario an d it does not guarantee complete success in its purpose. But it will definitely throw some light on what could be done to change the scenario of the local authorities who are in urgent need of government funding in order to carry out their business and services. References Bielinska-Kwapisz, A. (2014). Triggers of Organizational Change: Duration, Previous Changes, and Environment. Journal of Change Management, 14(3), pp.405-424. Brooke, J. (2015). Climate change impacts on UK port and navigation infrastructure. Infrastructure Asset Management. Burnes, B. (2014). Understanding Resistance to Change Building on Coch and French. Journal of Change Management, pp.1-25. By, R., Burnes, B. and Oswick, C. (2012). Change Management: Leadership, Values and Ethics. Journal of Change Management, 12(1), pp.1-5. Caldwell, S. (2013). Are Change Readiness Strategies Overrated? A Commentary on Boundary Conditions. Journal of Change Management, 13(1), pp.19-35. Chia, R. (2013). Reflections: In Praise of Silent Transformation Allowing Change Through Letting Happen. Journal of Change Management, 14(1), pp.8-27. Chung, C. (2012). Analytics for change management. International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management, 6(1), p.3. Czarniawska, B. (2013). Things and Words. Journal of Change Management, 13(3), pp.362-367. Davidson, J. (2015). What's all the buzz about change management?. Healthcare Management Forum. Dawson, P. (2014). Reflections: On Time, Temporality and Change in Organizations. Journal of Change Management, 14(3), pp.285-308. De Matos, J. and Clegg, S. (2013). Sustainability and Organizational Change. Journal of Change Management, 13(4), pp.382-386. DeCicco, J. (2011). Biofuels and carbon management. Climatic Change, 111(3-4), pp.627-640. Doolin, B., Grant, D. and Thomas, R. (2013). Translating Translation and Change: Discourse-Based Approaches. Journal of Change Management, 13(3), pp.251-265. du Gay, P. and Vikkels, S. (2012). Reflections: On the Lost Specification of Change. Journal of Change Management, 12(2), pp.121-143. Furnari, S. (2012). Interstitial Brokers and Institutional Change. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2012(1), pp.1-1. Grtner, C. (2013). Enhancing Readiness for Change by Enhancing Mindfulness. Journal of Change Management, 13(1), pp.52-68. Ghadban, S. (2015). Taux de change et politique touristique durable. Management Avenir, 76(2), p.169. Gover, L. and Duxbury, L. (2012). Organizational Faultlines: Social Identity Dynamics and Organizational Change. Journal of Change Management, 12(1), pp.53-75. Grant, A. (2013). The Efficacy of Executive Coaching in Times of Organisational Change. Journal of Change Management, 14(2), pp.258-280. Kay, J. (2013). Management - Change is in the air. Nursing Management, 20(8), pp.13-13. Kumar, P. and Singhal, M. (2012). Reducing change management complexity: aligning change recipient sensemaking to change agent sensegiving. International Journal of Learning and Change, 6(3/4), p.138. MacLean, D. and MacIntosh, R. (2012). Strategic change as creative action. International Journal of Strategic Change Management, 4(1), p.80. MACPHEE, M. and SURYAPRAKASH, N. (2011). First-line nurse leaders health-care change management initiatives. Journal of Nursing Management, 20(2), pp.249-259. McClellan, J. (2013). Announcing Change: Discourse, Uncertainty, and Organizational Control. Journal of Change Management, 14(2), pp.192-209. ner, M., Benson, C. and Gl Beer, S. (2014). Linking Organizational Change Management and Organizational Foresight. Strat Change, 23(3-4), pp.185-203. Preget, L. (2013). Understanding Organizational Change as an Interactional Accomplishment: A Conversation Analytic Approach. Journal of Change Management, 13(3), pp.338-361. Price, D. and van Dick, R. (2012). Identity and Change: Recent Developments and Future Directions. Journal of Change Management, 12(1), pp.7-11. Vakola, M. (2013). Multilevel Readiness to Organizational Change: A Conceptual Approach. Journal of Change Management, 13(1), pp.96-109.

Five Ways Study Area InvestigationTransport

Question: Discuss about the Communication Plan. Answer: Introduction Toyota Motor Group is the largest automobiles manufacturers of Japan. Toyota leads in the hybrid electric vehicles across the world. It is the world first automobile company that has produced more than ten million vehicles in a year. Toyota is also the largest company that encourage the market to adopt the hybrid vehicle across the globe (Achterkamp Vos, 2007). It produces its vehicles under five brands, and they are Lexus, Ranz, Hino, Daihatsu and Toyota. Toyota automobile manufacturers have come up with a new car Electra in the hybrid electric segment with advance new features available at a very economic range that is to be launched in the recent future into the lucrative market of Australia. In this report, a communication plan is drafted for the launch of the car and to determine the best way to promote the car in the targeted customer segment. Communication planning is necessary as it helps the management in reaching the target audiences as it is the science and art of it. It uses various marketing communication channels like public relations, advertising, experiences, or a direct mail. Who to target, when to target, how to target and what the message should be used to target is all considered under the communication plan (Agostinelli, Campillo, Magnoler, Rossi, 2011). Companys Communication Plan Stakeholders of the Company A person, an organisation, or a group of people who has an interest in the actions and affairs of a particular company are known as the stakeholders of the company. Shareholders are generally divided into two categories internal stakeholders which include the shareholders and employees of the company, and external stakeholders consist of communities, suppliers, creditors, customers, partners, and the government. But when a car company is being talked about, then it is not bounded in a single country. It aims to cover the market globally. Toyota is already a global brand so it has a third category of stakeholders and they are the across the cultures stakeholders (Babatunde, 2013). The stakeholders of the Toyota Motors Group are as follows:- External stake holders- External stakeholders are the most important part of any company. The different stakeholders are: - Customers- This car is segmented in a small car category which is good for a small family. Thus, the targeted customers would be middle aged, married people with a small family who have family responsibilities, so they prefer an economic vehicle for themselves. The eco-friendly car will attract the people who care about the environment. Australia is a country of diversified culture. Thus, the customers can be of any religion or ethics (Fleming, 2013). Government- The government of all the countries is working the ways to reduce the pollution level from the atmosphere, so they can prefer using such hybrid vehicles to promote eco-friendliness. Communities- The communities that deal with the environmental issues may like to promote the hybrid electricity car for saving the environment (Gilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Lafuente Barcellos Paula, 2013). Internal Stakeholders- the internal stakeholders that include the employees and the stakeholders prefers to use the newly launched car as they get the benefit out of it. The employees will get the employee benefit that a company grants if an employee of the company purchases the product of that company like zero percent interest on EMIs, free insurance, employee discount, and maintenance. The share holders will be gaining from the increased share prices if the product gets famous in the market, and people prefer to purchase the product (Heldal, 2011). Across the Culture Stakeholders- All around the world the awareness about the environment is increasing. People prefer to use thing those who are environment-friendly. Electra is such a car which is environment-friendly and economic also. This attracts the customer not only where it has been launched but also around it. Electra can always be launched in the other markets where stakeholders are showing interest in the product (Kamiya, 2006). The Objectives and Scope of Communication Plan Objectives- Objectives are set to clarify the targets that the organisation is aiming at with the help of planned actions. A communication plan is designed with a basic objective of informing the targeted customer segment about the product, its efficiency, its need for the buyer, and its uniqueness. The other objectives of a communication plan are as follows: - The customers need to make aware of the product, its qualities, and its brand name. The new car Electra belongs to the new generation technology, so that information is required to be given to market. A buzz or an excitement need to be created for the new car (Kandlousi, Ali, Abdollahi, 2010). Motivating customers to find out more about Electra by visiting its website, or the local dealer, or ordering a test drive. Communication should be able to convert showroom visits to the sale of the car. Thought Electra is being launched in Australia but the news about the car and its special feature should spread all over the world. If few of the objectives are even attained with the help of a well-framed communication plan, then it will give a good effect in the achievement of the targets set by the company (Kaplan, 2008). Scope- The scope of a communication plan means how well the designed communication plan will work for the launch and success of the new car of Toyota Motors Group Electra. Electra is a new generation car and thus, it is necessary that this information should reach the targeted segment of customer. Communication planning is the most important part of a project, and it is necessary that it is done in an effective manner within the regulation of the time, resources, and budget allocated for it (Lique Faure, 2012). The scope of the communication plan can be described in the following points: - If well communicated the targeted customer will get all the information about the product. It will help increasing the brand value of the product. The awareness about the car will be spread out throughout the world. Will help in the sale of the car and achieving the set target by the company. Communication is very important as this is the most effective source to make the customer aware about the product all over the world (Maiorescu, 2016). Communication Channels- Communication channel means the source of communication used to create awareness about the product. These channels can be of two type Informal and formal. It is necessary to select the most effective means of communication to advertise the new car Electra as it will help in creating customers for the car. If a wrong means of communication will be used than it may harm the brand value of the product and rather than increasing it may decrease the possible customer (Morsing, 2006). The most effective means of communication for promoting the new innovative car of Toyota Motors Group along with the advantages and disadvantages are as follows:- Print media- The most popular means of communication for advertising a product in the current scenario is print media. It the easiest way to reach the customer segment targeted by the company. It is a formal type of communication happening between the direct customer and the company. Print media includes magazines, leaflets, newspaper, etc (Nagananda, 2013). Advantages of Print Media Flashy magazines have regular customers who often read these magazines at a certain time of the month. A monthly magazine is the best way to approach customers by publishing an advertisement in it. Newspaper can reach everywhere thus covers a huge number of audience for advertising a car. Print media has trusted and religious followers who can provide a great boost to a product. Print media has several options which give a chance to ascertain the best option as per the budget, time and other requirements of the product (Poland, 2013). Disadvantages of Print Media The reach of print media is limited to the local area. It does not have the global appeal. Print media requires a lot of planning, designing, and attention. So not very flexible if the work is to be presented in tight deadlines. The lifespan of the advertisement in a newspaper or a magazine is very small. People have a habit of reading and then throwing them aside. Online Media- With the increased use of internet all over the world, most of the companies are using online media as an option for advertising their products. Online media includes websites, email, social media, etc (Steel, 2006). Advantages of Online Media Online media doesnt have any limit demographically, or geographically. With the boundaries of online media is increasing as the users are increasing. Online media has a global approach because an advertisement can be viewed anywhere around the world. The information given in the online media do not have any limit. Whereas other Medias have limited number words, and time that can be used to advertise the product. Latest information of the product can be advertised on online media and if a mistake is found than can also be rectified very quickly (Talke Colarelli O'Connor, 2011). Disadvantages of Online Media Advertising Online media advertisement is for all and for none. Most of the people do not pay attention to the advertisement displayed online. Online advertising needs more technical brains to create an advertisement that can attract the customers in comparison with the print media. Online advertising lacks the personal touch and attention (Talke Hultink, 2010). Television and Radio Advertising- it is one of the oldest methods of advertising. Television has the largest number of audiences and a much greater chance to reach the targeted customers. Radio is available everywhere, even their where there is no television. The impact of television is a bit more than radio because it is an audio-visual method of communication. Advantages of Television and Radio Advertising The impact of television advertising is the widest in comparison to any other means of communication available. The frequency of advertisement in a day is also more than any other means of communication for television and radio. Because a single advertisement can be repeated a number of time in a day which allows it to reach the maximum number of audience. Television and radio have a global approach which is not there in most of the means of communication (Thanky, 2012). Disadvantages of Television and Radio Radio is just an audio means of communication, thus not fit for advertising all types of products. The short duration of an advertisement on a radio or a television allows people to forget about the product very easily. People prefer watching or listening to what they want to listen so when an advertisement comes they prefer to change the channel rather than watching or listening the advertisement. The cost of producing a commercial is quite very expensive (Torppa Smith, 2011). Outdoor Advertising- any type of advertisement that reaches the customer when he or she is outside his or her home is known as outdoor advertising. The examples of outdoor advertising are like posters, billboards, digital boards, etc. Advantages of Outdoor Advertising Billboards are generally set up on the sides of the roads so people will definitely see the advertisement while crossing from near. The channel could not be changed, or a page cannot be turned, one has to see the advertisement displayed on the billboard. This type of means of communication is less costly as compared to other advertising means (Vangelisti, 2016). Disadvantages of Outdoor Advertising The message has to be brief because the time duration to understand the message on the billboard is less. Billboard and digital board companies demand a long term commitments because putting up an advertisement as billboard takes a lot of time and efforts (Achterkamp Vos, 2007). Effectiveness of the Communication Plan A communication plan is very necessary because if people do not get aware of the new car Electra its new features and eco-friendly nature then how a company is going sell it to the customer. A communication plan defines the method of making people aware of the product. A successful communication plan has all the necessary framework like it should come under the allocated budget, and it should be able to create awareness in the allocated time frame. Sometimes a communication plan fails also because the use of incorrect media options or even over advertising the product that the customer get bored from the product even before purchasing it (Agostinelli, Campillo, Magnoler, Rossi, 2011). A communication plan should have all the necessary approaches to attract the potential customer. It should make people visualize the product with them which can be done with the help of television advertisements. It should be brief but informative which can be done with the help of newspaper and bill boards. Online media will be able to target the young generation as they spend most of their time on the internet. The middle-aged, office going people will get the idea about the launch of Electra through newspapers as most of them read it? The duration period needs to be determined as to when and where and what type of advertisement media can be used to create a buzz and excitement about the Toyotas new car Electra. If the expected outcome is not reached by the company, then a change of planning becomes necessary to increase the sale of the product because that is the ultimate target of any management, leadership or a communication plan (Babatunde, 2013). Conclusion A communication plan is very beneficial and important part of an organisation. It is very necessary to inform the potential customer about the product that would be soon coming to the market. And the information should be given in such a way that the product should look like a necessity for the person. For this, a communication plan is designed. A well-versed and effective communication plan can help the company to raise the step to success. A communication plan is drafted by identifying the stakeholders as they are the people who have the maximum interest in the product launched by the company. After determining the stakeholders the objectives and the scope of the communication plan need to be determined that will help in designing the appropriate communication plan. The means of communication or the channels of communication that can be used to promote the product need to identify with their pros and cons that will help to find the best for the promotion. The evaluation of the form ulated communication plan will help in determining the success of the product. 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